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Compare New Caledonia (2003) - Spratly Islands (2006)

Compare New Caledonia (2003) z Spratly Islands (2006)

 New Caledonia (2003)Spratly Islands (2006)
 New CaledoniaSpratly Islands
Administrative divisions none (overseas territory of France); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 3 provinces named Iles Loyaute, Nord, and Sud -
Age structure 0-14 years: 29.7% (male 31,990; female 30,695)


15-64 years: 64.2% (male 68,093; female 67,205)


65 years and over: 6.1% (male 6,016; female 6,799) (2003 est.)		 -
Agriculture - products vegetables; beef, deer, other livestock products -
Airports 30 (2002) 3 (2006)
Airports - with paved runways total: 9


over 3,047 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 6


under 914 m: 2 (2002)		 total: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 1


under 914 m: 1 (2006)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 21


914 to 1,523 m: 12


under 914 m: 9 (2002)		 total: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2006)
Area total: 19,060 sq km


land: 18,575 sq km


water: 485 sq km		 total: less than 5 sq km


land: less than 5 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes 100 or so islets, coral reefs, and sea mounts scattered over an area of nearly 410,000 sq km of the central South China Sea
Area - comparative slightly smaller than New Jersey NA
Background Settled by both Britain and France during the first half of the 19th century, the island was made a French possession in 1853. It served as a penal colony for four decades after 1864. Agitation for independence during the 1980s and early 1990s seems to have dissipated. The Spratly Islands consist of more than 100 small islands or reefs. They are surrounded by rich fishing grounds and potentially by gas and oil deposits. They are claimed in their entirety by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam, while portions are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines. About 45 islands are occupied by relatively small numbers of military forces from China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam. Brunei has established a fishing zone that overlaps a southern reef, but has not made any formal claim.
Birth rate 19.45 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) -
Budget revenues: $861.3 million


expenditures: $735.3 million, including capital expenditures of $52 million (1996 est.)		 -
Capital Noumea -
Climate tropical; modified by southeast trade winds; hot, humid tropical
Coastline 2,254 km 926 km
Constitution 28 September 1958 (French Constitution) -
Country name conventional long form: Territory of New Caledonia and Dependencies


conventional short form: New Caledonia


local long form: Territoire des Nouvelle-Caledonie et Dependances


local short form: Nouvelle-Caledonie		 conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Spratly Islands
Currency Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique franc (XPF); note - may adopt the euro in 2003 -
Death rate 5.63 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) -
Debt - external $79 million (1998 est.) -
Dependency status overseas territory of France since 1956 -
Diplomatic representation from the US none (overseas territory of France) -
Diplomatic representation in the US none (overseas territory of France) -
Disputes - international Matthew and Hunter Islands east of New Caledonia claimed by France and Vanuatu all of the Spratly Islands are claimed by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam; parts of them are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines; in 1984, Brunei established an exclusive fishing zone that encompasses Louisa Reef in the southern Spratly Islands but has not publicly claimed the reef; claimants in November 2002 signed the "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea," which has eased tensions but falls short of a legally binding "code of conduct"; in March 2005, the national oil companies of China, the Philippines, and Vietnam signed a joint accord to conduct marine seismic activities in the Spratly Islands
Economic aid - recipient $880 million annual subsidy from France -
Economy - overview New Caledonia has about 25% of the world's known nickel resources. Only a small amount of the land is suitable for cultivation, and food accounts for about 20% of imports. In addition to nickel, substantial financial support from France - equal to more than one-fourth of GDP - and tourism are keys to the health of the economy. Substantial new investment in the nickel industry, combined with the recovery of global nickel prices, brightens the economic outlook for the next several years. Economic activity is limited to commercial fishing. The proximity to nearby oil- and gas-producing sedimentary basins suggests the potential for oil and gas deposits, but the region is largely unexplored. There are no reliable estimates of potential reserves. Commercial exploitation has yet to be developed.
Electricity - consumption 1.5 billion kWh (2001) -
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2001) -
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2001) -
Electricity - production 1.613 billion kWh (2001) -
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 76.3%


hydro: 23.7%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2001)		 -
Elevation extremes lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: Mont Panie 1,628 m		 lowest point: South China Sea 0 m


highest point: unnamed location on Southwest Cay 4 m
Environment - current issues erosion caused by mining exploitation and forest fires NA
Ethnic groups Melanesian 42.5%, European 37.1%, Wallisian 8.4%, Polynesian 3.8%, Indonesian 3.6%, Vietnamese 1.6%, other 3% -
Exchange rates Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique francs (XPF) per US dollar - 135.04 (January 2002), 133.26 (2001), 129.44 (2000), 111.93 (1999), 107.25 (1998) -
Executive branch chief of state: President of France Jacques CHIRAC (since 17 May 1995), represented by High Commissioner Daniel CONSTANTIN (since 3 July 2002)


head of government: President of the Government Pierre FROGIER (since 5 April 2001)


cabinet: Consultative Committee


elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; high commissioner appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; president of the government elected by the members of the Territorial Congress; note - last election held 28 November 2002 when Pierre FROGIER was reelected		 -
Exports NA (2001) -
Exports - commodities ferronickels, nickel ore, fish -
Exports - partners Japan 20.6%, France 20.4%, Taiwan 16.3%, South Africa 11.3%, Spain 7.7%, South Korea 5.4%, Australia 5.4%, Italy 5.3% (2002) -
Fiscal year calendar year -
Flag description the flag of France is used -
GDP purchasing power parity - $3 billion (2002 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 5%


industry: 30%


services: 65% (1997 est.)		 -
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $14,000 (2002 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate NA -
Geographic coordinates 21 30 S, 165 30 E 8 38 N, 111 55 E
Geography - note consists of the main island of New Caledonia (one of the largest in the Pacific Ocean), the archipelago of Iles Loyaute, and numerous small, sparsely populated islands and atolls strategically located near several primary shipping lanes in the central South China Sea; includes numerous small islands, atolls, shoals, and coral reefs
Heliports 5 (2002) -
Highways total: 4,825 km


paved: 2,287 km


unpaved: 2,538 km (1999)		 -
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%		 -
Imports NA (2001) -
Imports - commodities machinery and equipment, fuels, chemicals, foodstuffs -
Imports - partners France 52.8%, Australia 12.7%, Singapore 9.8% (2002) -
Independence none (overseas territory of France); note - a referendum on independence was held in 1998 but did not pass; a new referendum is scheduled for 2014 -
Industrial production growth rate -0.6% (1996) -
Industries nickel mining and smelting -
Infant mortality rate total: 8.06 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 8.76 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 7.31 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)		 -
Inflation rate (consumer prices) -0.6% (2000 est.) -
International organization participation ESCAP (associate), FZ, ICFTU, SPC, WFTU, WMO -
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) -
Irrigated land 160 sq km (1991) 0 sq km
Judicial branch Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; County Courts; Joint Commerce Tribunal Court; Children's Court -
Labor force 79,395 (including 15,018 unemployed, 1996) -
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 7%, industry 23%, services 70% (1999 est.) -
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land: 0.38%


permanent crops: 0.33%


other: 99.29% (1998 est.)		 arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (2005)
Languages French (official), 33 Melanesian-Polynesian dialects -
Legal system the 1988 Matignon Accords grant substantial autonomy to the islands; formerly under French law -
Legislative branch unicameral Territorial Congress or Congres Territorial (54 seats; members are members of the three Provincial Assemblies or Assemblees Provinciales elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 9 May 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPCR 24, FLNKS 12, UNI 6, FCCI 4, FN 4, Alliance pour la Caledonie 3, LKS 1


note: New Caledonia elects 1 seat to the French Senate; elections last held 24 September 2001 (next to be held NA September 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; New Caledonia also elects 2 seats to the French National Assembly; elections last held 9 and 16 June 2002 (next to be held by June 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UMP 2		 -
Life expectancy at birth total population: 73.52 years


male: 70.57 years


female: 76.62 years (2003 est.)		 -
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 91%


male: 92%


female: 90% (1976 est.)		 -
Location Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia Southeastern Asia, group of reefs and islands in the South China Sea, about two-thirds of the way from southern Vietnam to the southern Philippines
Map references Oceania Southeast Asia
Maritime claims exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM		 NA
Merchant marine total: 1 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 1,261 GRT/1,600 DWT


ships by type: cargo 1


note: includes a foreign-owned ship registered here as a flag of convenience: Malaysia 1 (2002 est.)		 -
Military - note defense is the responsibility of France Spratly Islands consist of more than 100 small islands or reefs, of which about 45 are claimed and occupied by China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam
Military branches no regular indigenous military forces; French Armed Forces (including Army, Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie); Police Force -
Military expenditures - dollar figure $192.3 million (FY96) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 5.3% (FY96) -
National holiday Bastille Day, 14 July (1789) -
Nationality noun: New Caledonian(s)


adjective: New Caledonian		 -
Natural hazards cyclones, most frequent from November to March typhoons; numerous reefs and shoals pose a serious maritime hazard
Natural resources nickel, chrome, iron, cobalt, manganese, silver, gold, lead, copper fish, guano, undetermined oil and natural gas potential
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) -
Political parties and leaders Alliance pour la Caledonie or APLC [Didier LE ROUX]; Federation des Comites de Coordination des Independantistes or FCCI [Francois BURCK]; Front National or FN [Guy GEORGE]; Front Uni de Liberation Kanak or FULK [Ernest UNE]; Kanak Socialist Front for National Liberation or FLNKS [leader NA] (includes PALIKA, UNI, UC, and UPM); Parti de Liberation Kanak or PALIKA [Paul NEAOUTYINE and Elie POIGOUNE]; Rally for Caledonia in the Republic (anti independent) or RPCR [Jacques LAFLEUR]; Union Nationale pour l'Independance or UNI [Paul NEAOUTYINE]; note - may no longer exist, but Paul NEAOUTYINE has since become a president of Parti de Liberation Kanak or PALIKA; Union Progressiste Melanesienne or UPM [Victor TUTUGORO] -
Political pressure groups and leaders NA -
Population 210,798 (July 2003 est.) no indigenous inhabitants


note: there are scattered garrisons occupied by personnel of several claimant states (2004)
Population below poverty line NA% -
Population growth rate 1.38% (2003 est.) -
Ports and harbors Mueo, Noumea, Thio -
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 0 (1998) -
Railways 0 km -
Religions Roman Catholic 60%, Protestant 30%, other 10% -
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.89 male(s)/female


total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2003 est.)		 -
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal -
Telephone system general assessment: NA


domestic: NA


international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)		 -
Telephones - main lines in use 47,000 (1997) -
Telephones - mobile cellular 13,040 (1998) -
Television broadcast stations 6 (plus 25 low-power repeaters) (1997) -
Terrain coastal plains with interior mountains flat
Total fertility rate 2.39 children born/woman (2003 est.) -
Unemployment rate 19% (1996) -
Waterways none -
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